Services and Medications - Subject Release

This measure appears in the following time-points: Release.

Related Construct

Service History

Description of Measure

Participation in both residential and community-based social services is assessed through a modified version of the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA; Burns, et al., 1992). In the release interview, participants are asked if they have received an array of services during their stay at the institution (e.g., alcohol/drug treatment, psychiatric treatment, family counseling, religious services, etc.). If endorsed, follow-up questions obtain the frequency of receiving these services and the subject's perceived helpfulness of each. Information is also obtained regarding the types of vocational training the subject participated in during their stay (e.g., job skills, computers, machinery, food services, retail/sales, home childcare, or building trades) and the perceived benefit of this training.

Additional questions obtain information on sixteen different programs or services the subject will be involved with after he/she leaves the facility (e.g., probation/parole, mental health, religious services, in-home counseling, school services, etc.). For each program or service the subject endorsed, they were asked if they had already met with someone from the program and if so, how many times.

A history of prescribed medication use both prior to and during their stay is also obtained. Participants were first asked if they were taking any prescription medication prior to coming to the institution and if so, were they still taking them at the time of the interview. We then ask if they have started any new medications during their stay and if so, the medication names are recorded. Each unique medication was subsequently assigned a three-digit code based on the medication name and a three-digit medication classification code (e.g., anti-psychotic vs. antidepressant, etc.). This coding scheme is the same as that used in the timepoint interviews and was originally developed for the MacArthur Risk Assessment study (see Monahan et al, 2001) with new medications added as necessary.

The following computed scores are available:

Regarding mental health services received during the stay:

Number of services received at the program [r0sertot]

Regarding vocational training received during the stay:

Number of different types of vocational training received at the program [r0njbtra]
Total hours per week spent in vocational training, across all types endorsed [r0njbtra_trunc]; hours above 40 are truncated to 41.
Average helpfulness rating across all types of vocational training endorsed [r0njbtra_help]

Regarding planned program involvement after release:

Number of programs or services the subject expects to receive after leaving the facility [r0prognm]
Total number of times met with anyone across all programs endorsed [r0progmtgs]

The following individual items are also available:

Regarding treatment services received during the stay:

Have a primary counselor at the facility [R0Ser01]

Frequency of meeting with the primary counselor [R0Ser02]
Helpfulness of the primary caregiver [R0Ser05]

Have a person assigned to help with making arrangements for community return [R0Ser06]

Number of times met with this person before discharge [R0Ser07]
Helpfulness of this person [R0Ser08]

Received drug/alcohol treatment [R0Ser11a]

Frequency of receiving this service [R0Ser11b]
Helpfulness of the service [R0Ser11c]
If not received, do you think you needed the service [R0Ser11d]

Received sessions with psychologist or psychiatrist [R0Ser12a]

Frequency of receiving this service [R0Ser12b]
Helpfulness of the service [R0Ser12c]
If not received, do you think you needed the service [R0Ser12d]

Received group therapy [R0Ser13a]

Frequency of receiving this service [R0Ser13b]
Helpfulness of the service [R0Ser13c]
If not received, do you think you needed the service [R0Ser13d]

Received religious services [R0Ser14a]

Frequency of receiving this service [R0Ser14b]
Helpfulness of the service [R0Ser14c]
If not received, do you think you needed the service [R0Ser14d]

Received family-based treatment [R0Ser15a]

Frequency of receiving this service [R0Ser15b]
Helpfulness of the service [R0Ser15c]
If not received, do you think you needed the service [R0Ser15d]

Received treatment for mental health or emotional problems [R0Ser16a]

How long did this treatment last [R0Ser16b]
Helpfulness of the service [R0Ser16c]
If not received, do you think you needed the service [R0Ser16d]

Received anger management or social skills training [R0Ser17a]

Frequency of receiving this service [R0Ser17b]
Helpfulness of the service [R0Ser17c]
If not received, do you think you needed the service [R0Ser17d]

Received any other service [R0Ser18a]

Frequency of receiving this service [R0Ser18b]
Helpfulness of the service [R0Ser18c]
If not received, do you think you needed the service [R0Ser18d]

Ever attempt suicide while at the facility [R0Ser20]

Regarding vocational training received during the stay:

Received job skills training [R0Opp01a]

How helpful was it in preparing for work in the community [R0Opp01b_TrHlp]
If not received, would you have benefited from it [R0Opp01b_TrNot]

Received machinery training [R0Opp02a]

How helpful was it in preparing for work in the community [R0Opp02b_TrHlp]
If not received, would you have benefited from it [R0Opp02b_TrNot]

Received computer training [R0Opp03a]

How helpful was it in preparing for work in the community [R0Opp03b_TrHlp]
If not received, would you have benefited from it [R0Opp03b_TrNot]

Received food services training [R0Opp04a]

How helpful was it in preparing for work in the community [R0Opp04b_TrHlp]
If not received, would you have benefited from it [R0Opp04b_TrNot]

Received retail/sales training [R0Opp05a]

How helpful was it in preparing for work in the community [R0Opp05b_TrHlp]
If not received, would you have benefited from it [R0Opp05b_TrNot]

Received building trades training [R0Opp06a]

How helpful was it in preparing for work in the community [R0Opp06b_TrHlp]
If not received, would you have benefited from it [R0Opp06b_TrNot]

Received home childcare training [R0Opp07a]

How helpful was it in preparing for work in the community [R0Opp07b_TrHlp]
If not received, would you have benefited from it [R0Opp07b_TrNot]

Received any other training [R0Opp08a]

How helpful was it in preparing for work in the community [R0Opp08b_TrHlp]

Regarding planned program involvement after release (a binary indicator of expected involvement):

Probation/parole [R0ProgA1]
Special supervision program [R0ProgB1]
Outpatient mental health treatment [R0ProgC1]
Family outpatient treatment [R0ProgD1]
Religious treatment [R0ProgE1]
Community support groups [R0ProgF1]
Mental health treatment groups [R0ProgG1]
Partial hospitalization/day treatment program [R0ProgH1]
In-home counseling [R0ProgI1]
Case management [R0ProgJ1]
School counseling [R0ProgK1]
School programs outside of class [R0ProgL1]
Job training/placement [R0ProgM1]
Mentoring programs [R0ProgN1]
Drug court programs [R0ProgO1]
Other court ordered groups [R0ProgP1]

Regarding history of prescription medication use:

Taking any medications prior to coming to the facility [R0Ser22]

Whether still taking these medications [R0Ser24]

Start any new medications since coming to the facility [R0Ser26]

Medication #1: Coded medication name [R0Med01_Code]
Medication #1: Medication category [R0Med01_Category]
Medication #2: Coded medication name [R0Med02_Code]
Medication #2: Medication category [R0Med02_Category]
Medication #3: Coded medication name [R0Med03_Code]
Medication #3: Medication category [R0Med03_Category]
Medication #4: Coded medication name [R0Med04_Code]
Medication #4: Medication category [R0Med04_Category]
Whether the subject plans to keep taking these after release [R0Ser28]

Several items in this measure ("have a primary counselor", "have a release counselor", "count of mental health services", and "count of vocational services") were used in the development of the eight dimensions of organizational functioning. A full description of the dimensions can be found in the "Dimensions of Organizational Functioning" codebook section.

Data Issues

In some situations, both the generic and brand name for the same medication was listed within the same time-point. After consulting with a practicing psychiatrist, we merged these medications into one, as it is unlikely that they would have been simultaneously prescribed both the generic and brand name of the same medication.
If the subject endorsed taking medication within the release program/institution, they were then asked to provide the names of the medications that they were taking. In some cases (N = 7), an error in the interview programming code allowed the subject to skip the follow-up question, so the names of the medications are missing. These cases are noted with a missing value of -700 (Data missing: Result of an error in the interview programming).
For each service the subject endorses during their stay, a follow-up question obtains the frequency the service was received ("How often did you receive this service?"). Note that this question is phrased differently for the "mental health treatment" item (R0Ser16b = "How long did this treatment last?"), and that the value options are also different.
In the vocational training section, "Do you think you would have benefited from this training" is asked for all types of training except "Other" (R0Opp08a).
In the "program involvement after release" section, the following items were not available until version 01.05 of the interview:

Religious treatment [R0ProgE1]
Community support groups [R0ProgF1]
Mental health treatment groups [R0ProgG1]
Partial hospitalization/day treatment program [R0ProgH1]
In-home counseling [R0ProgI1]
School counseling [R0ProgK1]
Drug court programs [R0ProgO1]
Other court ordered groups [R0ProgP1]

References

The inventory of services was adapted from previous services research regarding adolescent services. The categories of services were based on the CASA.
Ascher, B.H., Farmer, E.M.Z., Burns, B.J., Angold, A. (1996). The Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA): Description and psychometrics. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 4(1), 12-20.
Burns, B. J., Angold, A., Magruder-Habib,K., Costello, E.J., Patrick, M. K. S. (1992). The child and adolescent services assessment (CASA). Durham, NC: Duke University Medical Center.
Monahan, J., Steadman, H., Silver, E., Appelbaum, P., Robbins, P., Mulvey, E., Roth, L., Grisso, T., & Banks, S. (2001). Rethinking Risk Assessment: The MacArthur Study of Mental Disorder and Violence. New York: Oxford University Press.
( Parent, D., Leiter, V., Kennedy, S., Livens, L., Wentworth, D., & Wilcox, S. (1994). Conditions of confinement: juvenile detention and corrections facilities. Washington, DC: OJJDP.
Fagan, J.A. (1998). Adolescent correctional interview. The correctional experience of adolescent felony offenders in adult and juvenile facilities. Unpublished instrument available from author.