Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) - Subject Follow-up
This measure appears in the following time-points: Follow06, Follow12, Follow18, Follow24, Follow30, Follow36, Follow48, Follow60, Follow72, Follow84.
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Related Construct
Description of Measure
The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI; Andershed, Kerr, Stattin and Levander, 2002) is a self-report measure that assesses psychopathy among youth. Items from the measure make up the following ten subscales: dishonest charm (e.g., "I have the ability to con people by using my charm and smile"), grandiosity (e.g., "I'm better than everyone on almost everything"), lying (e.g., "Sometimes I lie for no reason, other than because it's fun"), manipulation (e.g., "I can make people believe almost anything"), remorselessness (e.g., "To feel guilt and regret when you have done something wrong is a waste of time"), unemotionality (e.g., "I usually feel calm when other people are scared"), callousness (e.g., "I think that crying is a sign of weakness, even if no one sees you"), thrill seeking (e.g., "I like to be where exciting things happen"), impulsiveness (e.g., "I consider myself as a pretty impulsive person"), and irresponsibility (e.g., "I have often been late to work or classes in school").
Additionally, the measure taps three dimensions of psychopathy: Grandiose Manipulative Dimension, Callous Unemotional Dimension, and Impulsive Irresponsible Dimension. The scale contains 50 items to which participants respond on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from "Does not apply at all" to "Applies very well". Several items in the scale are reverse coded so that higher scores indicate more psychopathic characteristics.
The ten subscales and four summary scores generally were found to have adequate internal consistency in the 6- to 84-month data. The Cronbach's alpha for each wave is listed below:
- Dishonest Charm [S#CHARM] 6-months: .81, 12- months: .81, 18-months: .83, 24 –months: .84, 30-months: .84, 36-months: .83, 48-months: .84, 60-months: .86, 72-months: .84, 84-months: .86
- Grandiosity [S#GRAND] 6-months: .64, 12- months: .62, 18-months: .68, 24 –months: .65, 30-months: .65, 36-months: .67, 48-months: .65, 60-months: .68, 72-months: .65, 84-months: .68
- Lying [S#LYING] 6-months: .79, 12- months: .81, 18-months: .82, 24 –months: .82, 30-months: .80, 36-months: .80, 48-months: .80, 60-months: .81, 72-months: .81, 84-months: .82
- Manipulation[S#MANIP] 6-months: .84, 12- months: .85, 18-months: .86, 24 –months: .86, 30-months: .85, 36-months: .86, 48-months: .85, 60-months: .87, 72-months: .86, 84-months: .87
- Remorselessness [S#REMOR] 6-months: .71, 12- months: .70, 18-months: .72, 24 –months: .72, 30-months: .73, 36-months: .75, 48-months: .75, 60-months: .75, 72-months: .77, 84-months: .77
- Unemotionality [S#UNEMO] 6-months: .60, 12- months: .59, 18-months: .63, 24 –months: .60, 30-months: .63, 36-months: .63, 48-months: .64, 60-months: .66, 72-months: .61, 84-months: .64
- Callousness[S#CALLOS] 6-months: .45, 12- months: .43, 18-months: .46, 24 –months: .48, 30-months: .44, 36-months: .45, 48-months: .45, 60-months: .45, 72-months: .85, 84-months: .48
- Thrill Seeking[S#THRILL] 6-months: .66, 12- months: .64, 18-months: .69, 24 –months: .66, 30-months: .68, 36-months: .69, 48-months: .73, 60-months: .73, 72-months: .73, 84-months: .76
- Impulsivity [S#YPIIMP] 6-months: .65, 12- months: .70, 18-months: .70, 24 –months: .70, 30-months: .73, 36-months: .72, 48-months: .72, 60-months: .75, 72-months: .74, 84-months: .75
- Irresponsiblity[S#IRRESP] 6-months: .62, 12- months: .65, 18-months: .68, 24 –months: .66, 30-months: .67, 36-months: .66, 48-months: .65, 60-months: .68, 72-months: .69, 84-months: .67
The dimension scores showed good internal consistency, with the following alphas:
- Grandiose-Manipulative Dimension [S#GRANMA] 6-months: .91, 12- months: .91, 18-months: .92, 24 –months: .92, 30-months: .91, 36-months: .91, 48-months: .91, 60-months: .92, 72-months: .91, 84-months: .92
- Callous-Unemotional Dimension [S#CALUNE] 6-months: .74, 12- months: .73, 18-months: .76, 24 –months: .77, 30-months: .77, 36-months: .76, 48-months: .77, 60-months: .79, 72-months: .79, 84-months: .78
- Impulsive-Irresponsible Dimension [S#IMPIRR] 6-months: .82, 12- months: .83, 18-months: .85, 24 –months: .85, 30-months: .85, 36-months: .84, 48-months: .85, 60-months: .86, 72-months: .86, 84-months: .87
- YPI Total score [S#ypi] 6-months: .93, 12- months: .93, 18-months: .94, 24 –months: .94, 30-months: .94, 36-months: . 94, 48-months: . 94, 60-months: . 94, 72-months: . 94, 84-months: . 94
A three-factor CFA model was fitted to the Pathways six month interview data, using the three dimension scores. The model produced a good fit with the following values: : chi-square = 279.025 (32), p less than .05; SRMR = .0458; CFI = .950; TLI = .930; CAIC = 461.426; RMSEA (CI) = .087 (.078-.096).
The following scores are computed:
- 10 scores that correspond to each of the subscales mentioned above. Each of these scores is the sum of the 5 items contained in the subscale [S#CHARM], [S#GRAND], [S#LYING], [S#MANIP], [S#REMOR], [S#UNEMO], [S#CALLOS], [S#THRILL], [S#YPIIMP], [S#IRRESP].
- Grandiose-Manipulative Dimension [S#GRANMA]; sum of 20 items in this dimension
- Callous-Unemotional Dimension [S#CALUNE]; sum of 15 items in this dimension
- Impulsive-Irresponsible Dimension [S#IMPIRR]; sum of 15 items in this dimension
- YPI Total score [S#ypi]; sum of all 50 items in the measure
Data Issues
- This measure was added to the interview in version 01.06 and is available beginning with the follow06 timepoint.
- Some cases are missing data for this measure as a result of a bug in the programming code. Cases with this issue are noted with a missing value code of -700.
References
- Andershed, H., Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Levander, S. (2002). Psychopathic traits in non-referred youths: A new assessment tool. In E. Blauuw & L. Sheridan (Eds.), Psychopaths: Current International Perspectives (pp. 131-158). The Hague: Elsevier.