Neighborhood Conditions - Collateral Baseline
This measure appears in the following time-points: Baseline.
Related Construct
Description of Measure
The Neighborhood Conditions Measure was adapted for this study to assess the environment surrounding the adolescent's home (Sampson & Raudenbush, 1999). These items are asked of the collateral because at baseline the collateral is usually a parent and it is therefore assumed that he/she lives in the same neighborhood as the subject. However, if the collateral does not live in the same neighborhood as the subject, the section is skipped. Items from the measure tap physical disorder of the neighborhood (e.g., "cigarettes on the street or in the gutters," "graffiti or tags"), as well as social disorder (e.g., "adults fighting or arguing loudly," "people using needles or syringes to take drugs"). The scale contains 21 items to which the collateral responds on a 4- point Likert scale ranging from "Never" to "Often," with higher scores indicating a greater degree of disorder within the community.
If the youth is in a locked facility at the time of the interview, the neighborhood of focus for this interview is the address at which the youth lived prior to going into the facility.
We have computed three scales from the neighborhood conditions items:
- total score [c0hood];the mean of all 21 items in the scalei
- physical disorder [c0neiphy]; the mean of the 12 physical disorder questions
- social disorder [c0neisoc]; the mean of the 9 social disorder questions
Data Issues
- This measure was only asked if the collateral reporter either lived with the subject at the time of the interview or lived with them at some point during the last six months. This is established in variable C0_ColRes; refer to the Parental Monitoring measure for more information about this variable.
- Eight cases are missing this measure as a result of an error in the interview programming. These cases are noted with a missing value code of -800 (Data missing: Result of an error in programming).
References
- Elliott, D., Menard, S., Rankin, B., Elliott, A., Huizinga, D., and Wilson, W. (forthcoming). Beating the odds: Overcoming Disadvantage in High-Risk Neighborhoods.
- Elliott, D. S., Wilson, W. J., Huizinga, D., Sampson, R. J., Elliott, & Rankin. (1996). The effects of neighborhood disadvantage on adolescent development. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33(4), 389-426.
- Sampson, R. & Raudenbush, S. (1999). Systematic social observation on public spaces: A new look at disorder in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Sociology, 105(3), 603-651.
- Sampson, R. & Raudenbush, S., Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918-924.
- Sampson, R. (1997). Collective regulation of adolescent misbehavior: Validation results from eighty Chicago neighborhoods. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12(2), 227-244.