Information Related to Pregnancy and/or Subject's Children - Subject Follow-up

This measure appears in the following time-points: Follow06, Follow12, Follow18, Follow24, Follow30, Follow36, Follow48, Follow60, Follow72, Follow84.

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Related Construct

Parenthood Status/Parent Orientation

Description of Measure

This section contains items related to the subject's status as a parent, descriptive information about his/her children and involvement with protective services. Specifically, the following areas are covered: current pregnancy status and status during the recall period, descriptive information for each of the subject's children (child's age, frequency of contact with the child, biological status, and whether the child lives with the subject). We also obtain information about the subject's contacts with child protective services regarding the subject's children or children in their care.

The following individual items are available:

Subject's Children. The maximum number of children reported by any case is ten. Each item listed below is repeated once for each child the subject has.
Number of living, not omitted children reported in the recall period [S#Chld_Count]
Was the child omitted [S#Chld01_Omit], [S#Chld02_Omit], [S#Chld03_Omit], [S#Chld04_Omit], [S#Chld05_Omit], [S#Chld06_Omit], [S#Chld07_Omit], [S#Chld08_Omit], [S#Chld09_Omit], [S#Chld10_Omit]
Reason the child was omitted [S#Chld01_OmitWhy], [S#Chld02_OmitWhy], [S#Chld03_OmitWhy], [S#Chld04_OmitWhy], [S#Chld05_OmitWhy], [S#Chld06_OmitWhy], [S#Chld07_OmitWhy], [S#Chld08_OmitWhy], [S#Chld09_OmitWhy], [S#Chld10_OmitWhy]
Is the child alive [S#Chld01_Alive], [S#Chld02_Alive], [S#Chld03_Alive], [S#Chld04_Alive], [S#Chld05_Alive], [S#Chld06_Alive], [S#Chld07_Alive], [S#Chld08_Alive], [S#Chld09_Alive], [S#Chld10_Alive]
Age of the child [S#Chld01_Age], [S#Chld02_Age], [S#Chld03_Age], [S#Chld04_Age], [S#Chld05_Age], [S#Chld06_Age], [S#Chld07_Age], [S#Chld08_Age], [S#Chld09_Age], [S#Chld10_Age]
Biological relationship of the child to the subject [S#Chld01_Bio], [S#Chld02_Bio], [S#Chld03_Bio], [S#Chld04_Bio], [S#Chld05_Bio], [S#Chld06_Bio], [S#Chld07_Bio], [S#Chld08_Bio], [S#Chld09_Bio], [S#Chld10_Bio]
Does the child currently live with the subject [S#Chld01_LivWnw], [S#Chld02_LivWnw], [S#Chld03_LivWnw], [S#Chld04_LivWnw], [S#Chld05_LivWnw], [S#Chld06_LivWnw], [S#Chld07_LivWnw], [S#Chld08_LivWnw], [S#Chld09_LivWnw], [S#Chld10_LivWnw]
Did the child live with the subject in the recall period [S#Chld01_LivWrp], [S#Chld02_LivWrp], [S#Chld03_LivWrp], [S#Chld04_LivWrp], [S#Chld05_LivWrp], [S#Chld06_LivWrp], [S#Chld07_LivWrp], [S#Chld08_LivWrp], [S#Chld09_LivWrp], [S#Chld10_LivWrp]
Frequency of contact with the child currently [S#Chld01_Contnw], [S#Chld02_Contnw], [S#Chld03_Contnw], [S#Chld04_Contnw], [S#Chld05_Contnw], [S#Chld06_Contnw], [S#Chld07_Contnw], [S#Chld08_Contnw], [S#Chld09_Contnw], [S#Chld10_Contnw]
Frequency of contact with the child in the recall period [S#Chld01_Contrp], [S#Chld02_Contrp], [S#Chld03_Contrp], [S#Chld04_Contrp], [S#Chld05_Contrp], [S#Chld06_Contrp], [S#Chld07_Contrp], [S#Chld08_Contrp], [S#Chld09_Contrp], [S#Chld10_Contrp]
Pregnancy Status

Currently pregnant [S#Demo_Prgnow]
Number of months along in current pregnancy [S#Demo_HowPrg]
Been pregnant during recall period (other than current pregnancy if currently pregnant) [S#Demo_PregRP]
How did pregnancy end (refers to pregnancy from SS#Demo_PregRP) [S#Demo_PrgEndRP]
Did you have an abortion in the recall period [S#Demo_Abortion]
Is wife currently pregnant [S#Demo_WifPrg]
Any girlfriends currently pregnant with your child [S#Deom_GFPrg]
Number of girlfriends currently pregnant with your child [S#Demo_GFPrN]
Number of months along wife/girlfriend is in current pregnancy [S#Demo_GFHwFr]

Contacts with child protective services. The maximum number of incidents reported by any case was two. Each question is repeated for each incident reported.
Contacted by (CPS)/DHS about children in your care in recall period [S#CWScont]
Contacted by (CPS)/DHS about children in your care EVER [S#CWScontev]
Was there an evaluation with no follow-up or unfounded complaint [S#CWS_h1_Evaluation], [S#CWS_h2_Evaluation]
Was there supervision/CPS monitoring [S#CWS_h1_Monitoring], [S#CWS_h2_Monitoring]

When supervision/monitoring began (calendar month/year mapped to recall month) [S#CWS_h1_subp_tpmo], [S#CWS_h2_subp_tpmo]
Is supervision/monitoring still ongoing or has it ended [S#CWS_h1_supon], [S#CWS_h2_supon]
Frequency of case worker visits [S#CWS_h1_supon2], [S#CWS_h2_supon2]
When did supervision/monitoring end (calendar month/year mapped to recall month) [S#CWS_h1_supe_tpmo], [S#CWS_h2_supe_tpmo]

Was there a referral to services of some kind (including evaluation, voluntary or mandatory) [S#CWS_h1_Referral], [S#CWS_h2_Referral]
Was there a hearing [S#CWS_h1_Hearing], [S#CWS_h2_Hearing]

Date of the hearing (calendar month/year mapped to recall month) [S#CWS_h1_hear_tpmo], [S#CWS_h2_hear_tpmo]
Outcome of the hearing [S#CWS_h1_hearo], [S#CWS_h2_hearo]

Was the child placed out of the participants home [S#CWS_h1_NoChild], [S#CWS_h2_NoChild]

When was the child removed (calendar month/year mapped to recall month) [S#CWS_h1_chldr_tpmo], [S#CWS_h2_chldr_tpmo]
Was the child returned to the subject's custody [S#CWS_h1_chldbk], [S#CWS_h2_chldbk]
When was the child returned (calendar month/year mapped to recall month) [S#CWS_h1_chldbk_tpmo], [S#CWS_h2_chldbk_tpmo]

When first contacted by CPS about this incident (calendar month/year mapped to recall month) [S#CWS_h1_start_tpmo], [S#CWS_h2_start_tpmo]
Number of children involved [S#CWS_h1_chldn], [S#CWS_h2_chldn]
Age of child when this happened (reporting on a maximum of five children for each incident) [S#CWS_h1_c1ag], [S#CWS_h1_c2ag], [S#CWS_h1_c3ag], [S#CWS_h1_c4ag], [S#CWS_h1_c5ag], [S#CWS_h2_c1ag], [S#CWS_h2_c2ag], [S#CWS_h2_c3ag], [S#CWS_h2_c4ag], [S#CWS_h2_c5ag]
Contacted any other time by child protective services [S#CWS_h1_othr], [S#CWS_h2_othr]

Data Issues

Subject's Children

The child related variable names incorporate a child number which can be used to match child data across recall periods. For example, in the variable name "S#Chld01_Age", the child number is "01". Variables with the same child number refer to the same child in all recall periods, that is, "S1Chld01_Age" and "S2Chld01_Age" both refer to the same child, child 01. The former is the age of child 01 as reported in the 6 month recall period, the latter the age of the same child as reported in the 12 month recall period.
The maximum number of children reported by one subject across all recall periods is ten, therefore there are ten sets of child related variables with child numbers 01 through 10. The maximum number of children reported by one subject at the baseline interview was two. Data for child #1 in the baseline interview, and data for child 01 in the follow-ups refer to the same child, likewise for child #2 and 02.
A child number, once assigned, is not re-used within a case. When a subject reports a new child, the child is added to the end of an ordered list and never removed, thus the child number corresponds to the order in which children were reported: child 01 is the first child reported by that subject, child 02 the second, etc. A child may be omitted for various reasons or reported as deceased in which case questions about that child will not be asked in further recall periods and a missing value code will be inserted (the "Bio" variables are an exception though, they retain their last reported value across the remainder of the recall periods). Data for any new children reported will appear in variables with appropriately incremented child numbers, that is if a subject reports two children (01, 02) then child 02 is omitted, then reports another child, the last child will be child 03, questions will be asked about child 01 and 03, no questions asked about the omitted child 02.
The logic for receiving child age [S#ChldXX_Age] was changed throughout several versions of the interview.

In Follow06 only: This will be missing for all cases completed with versions 01.05 and 01.08. Starting with version 01.09, this was only asked for the children reported at the baseline interview. It was not asked for new children being reported for the first time in follow06.
In Follow12 and later: This will be missing for all cases completed with versions 01.05 and 01.06. For interview versions 01.07 through 01.19, this was only asked for previously reported children. Starting with version 01.20 (which begins with the follow48 timepoint), this was asked for both new and previously reported children.

In some cases (N=55), the reported age for the child does not progress sequentially as one would expect. For these cases, we had no basis on which to make a correction, therefore, for these 55 cases we have removed the age at each recall period. A missing value code of -526 (Age Unknown) is inserted for the age for these children.
Variable S#ChldXX_Bio (is this your biological child) was added to the interview in version 01.20 (which begins with the follow48 timepoint). The biological marker has been backfilled for all cases completed prior to version 01.20. That is, if the biological status for Child01 in follow06 was initially unknown due to the version issue, but we know in follow48 that this is their biological child, we filled in the biological child marker for follow06 through follow36 as Yes - biological child. In some cases (N = 22), the subject never received the biological child question in the later timepoints, so the biological status of their children is unknown in all interviews. Cases with this issue are noted with a missing value code of -506 (Biological relationship unknown).
Variables S#ChldXX_Omit and S#ChldXX_OmitWhy (is this child omitted; reason for omission) were added to the interview in version 01.15 (which begins in the follow12 timepoint).

For interview versions 01.15 through 01.19, this was only asked of previously reported children.
For interview versions 01.20 and later, this was asked of both previously reported and new children.

For versions 01.05 through 01.20, S#ChldXX_LivWNw and S#ChldXX_Contnw (live with currently; frequency of current contact) were asked only of new children, while S#ChldXX_LivWrp and S#ChldXX_Contrp (live with during recall period; frequency of contact in recall period) were asked only of previously reported children. Starting with version 01.21, all four questions were asked of both new and previously reported children.
For some cases (N = 27), a child was reported in one recall period and then never mentioned again as a result of a bug in the interview programming code. Cases with this issue are noted with a missing value code of -750 (Reported in previous recall period but not here). Note that these children are not deceased, and were not specifically omitted by the subject for any reason (e.g., gave the child up for adoption, terminated parental rights, etc.).

Pregnancy Status

For subjects that were pregnant during the recall period, information is obtained regarding the result of the pregnancy. Early versions of the interview, specifically, versions 01.15 and earlier, did not distinguish between pregnancies that ended in a miscarriage and those ending with an abortion. Starting with version 01.16, the question was changed to allow the subject to specify whether the pregnancy ended in a still birth, a miscarriage or an abortion.

For cases in all time-points and versions, a variable (S#Demo_PrgEndRP) is available that combines miscarriage, abortion and still birth.

In addition to the combined variable, cases completed with version 01.16 and later have a variable (S#Demo_Abortion) to indicate whether the pregnancy resulted in an abortion. Analytic questions that require knowledge of an abortion can only be done on this subset of cases.

The wording for S#Demo_PregRP is determined by the subject's current pregnancy status. If they are pregnant at the time of the interview, they are asked "Other than your current pregnancy, have you been pregnant during the recall period". If they are not pregnant at the time of the interview, the question is phrased "Have you been pregnant during the recall period".

Contacts with child protective services

These items were added to the interview in version 01.23; data is first available in the follow72 time-point.
There are two gate questions leading into this section. If the subject did not receive the child welfare questions in the previous interview, they will receive S#CWSContEv (Have you EVER been contacted by child protective services about your own children or any children in your care). If they completed this section in the previous interview, they will receive S#CWSCont (In the past N months, have you been contacted by child protective services about your own children or any children in your care).
The subject was permitted to report a maximum of five incidents resulting in contact with CPS, however the maximum reported by any case in all follow-up periods was two.
For each incident, the subject is asked to provide the dates on which certain events occurred (when first contacted by CPS, when monitoring began, when they had court hearings, etc.). We have mapped each date into a recall period month (S#M#).

References

Questions were developed by the Pathways Study investigators.